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Illustration of established cancer risk factors including tobacco, alcohol, ultraviolet radiation, certain infections, excess body weight and inherited genetic factors

What Causes Cancer?

A plain-language, evidence-based explanation of what is known about cancer causes and risk factors.

General medical illustration about noticing changes and symptoms that may deserve health assessment

Cancer Symptoms: Early Signs and When to See a Doctor

A plain-language, evidence-based guide to symptoms and signs that can occur with cancer and what they do and do not mean.

Medical illustration of the cancer diagnosis pathway combining examination, imaging, biopsy and tissue analysis without text inside the image

How Is Cancer Diagnosed? Tests, Scans, Biopsy, and What Confirms Cancer

A direct, source-based guide to how cancer is diagnosed and the roles of laboratory tests, imaging and biopsy.

Medical illustration of a blood sample, laboratory tubes and blood cells within a diagnostic pathway, with no text inside the image

Can Blood Tests Detect Cancer? What Tests Can and Cannot Confirm

Can cancer show up in blood tests or a CBC? Learn what blood tests and tumor markers can reveal, why normal results do not rule cancer out, and what may confirm a diagnosis.

Calm human-centered medical image of a person with cancer discussing treatment and follow-up results with an oncologist in a modern clinic, with no text inside the image

Is Cancer Curable? What Determines the Chance of Cure?

Can cancer be cured? Learn what affects cure, cure versus remission, whether stage 4 always means incurable disease, and why no single percentage fits every cancer.

Calm medical illustration comparing a well-defined benign mass with an irregular malignant mass without text

Is Every Tumor Cancer? Benign vs Malignant Tumors

Not every tumor is cancer. Learn how benign and malignant tumors differ, what imaging may suggest, and why pathology or biopsy may be needed.

Calm medical illustration showing progressively wider cancer extent from localized to distant spread without numbers or text

What Are the Stages of Cancer? Stage I, II, III and IV Explained

A clear guide to cancer stages 0 to IV, TNM, why staging differs by cancer type, and why stage alone cannot predict an individual outcome.

Calm medical illustration showing cancer cells leaving a primary tumor through a blood vessel toward a distant organ without text

How Does Cancer Spread Through the Body? What Is Metastatic Cancer?

A clear explanation of how cancer spreads through tissue, blood and lymph, what metastasis means, and why metastatic cancer keeps the name of its original cancer.

Calm humane medical follow-up scene with a cancer patient and clinician reviewing serial scans without text

Can Cancer Come Back After Treatment? What Does Recurrence Mean?

Cancer can return after treatment or remission. Learn local, regional and distant recurrence and how recurrence differs from progression or a new primary cancer.

Calm medical screening center showing mammography, lung imaging, colonoscopy and laboratory samples without text

How Can Cancer Be Detected Early? Key Cancer Screening Tests

Learn the difference between early diagnosis and screening, which cancer screening programs have evidence of benefit, why no single test detects every cancer, and the limits of newer blood tests.

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